HSSC Forge / Maths 11th / Complex Numbers / Polar Form Operations

Polar Form Operations

Once two complex numbers are in polar form, z1=r1(cos⁡θ1+isin⁡θ1)z_1 = r_1(\cos\theta_1+i\sin\theta_1) and z2=r2(cos⁡θ2+isin⁡θ2)z_2 = r_2(\cos\theta_2+i\sin\theta_2), multiplying and dividing them is just multiplying/dividing the moduli and adding/subtracting the arguments:

z1z2=r1r2[cos⁡(θ1+θ2)+isin⁡(θ1+θ2)]z_1 z_2 = r_1 r_2\big[\cos(\theta_1+\theta_2) + i\sin(\theta_1+\theta_2)\big]

z1z2=r1r2[cos⁡(θ1−θ2)+isin⁡(θ1−θ2)]\frac{z_1}{z_2} = \frac{r_1}{r_2}\big[\cos(\theta_1-\theta_2) + i\sin(\theta_1-\theta_2)\big]

Example: r1=2,θ1=30∘r_1=2, \theta_1=30^\circ and r2=3,θ2=60∘r_2=3, \theta_2=60^\circ gives product 6(cos⁡90∘+isin⁡90∘)=6i6(\cos 90^\circ + i\sin 90^\circ) = 6i.